The basic process of making proteins in cells is called protein synthesis. It is with this ability of the cell that its genetic makeup is defined. Protein is synthesized in the body in four distinct stages that involves both the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and the RNA (ribonucleic acid). Proteins are very much needed in the body to provide amino acids which in turn build new proteins.
During photo synthesis, the first thing that happens is the activation of the amino acids in the body to be finally linked together by peptide bonds. Once this is done, the polypeptide chain is started in the cell organelle, the ribosome. With this, you find stepwise additions of amino acids to the chain wherein the polypeptide gets elongated. And the fourth and final stage of protein synthesis involves the termination of all additions of amino acid to finally release the completed form of protein from the ribosome.
While protein synthesis involves a large part of the cell, its main stages take place in the nucleus and ribosome. Being a complex process, it is important that protein synthesis be carried out sequentially to work effectively. It is the DNA in the cell that directs the process of protein synthesis in the cell with the information it has, and it is the work of the RNA and other proteins to carry out these instructions.
The information that is found in DNA is converted into mRNA where ‘m’ is the messenger for protein synthesis. In each of these mRNA, you find instructions for the synthesis of a single type of protein. The ribosome is in charge of constructing proteins. The information in the mRNA is decoded into sequential blocks by the tRNAS. Here, one block is specific by one amino acid and the right amino acid is handed to the ribosome by the tRNA. This ends up with an elongated protein chain with additions of amino acids, one at a time.
So it can be seen that protein synthesis is a very complex, but important process that takes place in the cells of the body.
